From ACL Tears to Tennis Elbow: A Guide to Prevention and Treatment
Sports injuries can affect anyone, whether you’re a professional athlete or a casual weekend player. Dr. Puah Ken Lee, an orthopaedic surgeon at Artisan Sports & Orthopaedic Clinic, shares insight into the five most common sports injuries and the best ways to treat and prevent them.
1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
The ACL is a key ligament in the knee that ensures stability. It’s particularly vulnerable in sports that involve rapid changes in direction, such as basketball, soccer, and skiing. ACL tears often occur with a “pop” sound and cause swelling, instability, and difficulty moving the knee. Treatment ranges from rehabilitation and knee braces to surgery, depending on the injury’s severity. Prevention includes proper warm-ups, core strengthening, and focusing on correct landing techniques when jumping.
2. Ankle Sprains
Ankle sprains happen when ligaments are stretched or torn, usually caused by twisting or stepping awkwardly. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and instability. Initial treatment involves ice, elevation, and rest, with more serious cases requiring physiotherapy or surgery. To prevent sprains, work on balance and wear the proper footwear, particularly for activities that involve sudden movements like basketball and soccer.
3. Shoulder Dislocations
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the ball of the upper arm bone pops out of its socket, typically from a fall or collision. It causes immediate pain and limits movement until it is reset. Overhead and contact sports like rugby, tennis, and basketball are common culprits. Treatment includes physiotherapy for mild cases, while repeated dislocations may require surgery. Strengthening core muscles and mastering proper techniques can help prevent this injury.
4. Rotator Cuff Tears
The rotator cuff helps stabilize the shoulder joint. A tear can result from a fall or repetitive overhead motions, such as those seen in tennis or weightlifting. Symptoms include pain, weakness, and a cracking sound when moving the arm. Depending on the injury’s severity, treatment options include physiotherapy, injections, or surgery. Warming up and practicing correct posture when lifting or throwing can reduce the risk of injury.
5. Tennis and Golfer’s Elbow
These conditions involve pain in the elbow caused by repetitive movements, such as gripping, twisting, or swinging in racquet sports. Tennis elbow affects the outside of the elbow, while golfer’s elbow affects the inside. Treatment includes physiotherapy, braces, and shockwave therapy, with more severe cases requiring surgery. Preventive measures include learning the correct technique, especially for backhand strokes, and engaging in sport-specific conditioning.
Dr. Puah emphasizes that rehabilitation should start as soon as the injury is diagnosed, with tailored recovery plans designed for each individual. Whether for professional athletes or weekend warriors, proper treatment and prevention strategies can help you stay active and avoid long-term damage.
